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美国房产小讲堂 · 出租管理

买房出租，最大的风险往往不在房子本身，而在租客。挑对租客，比多收几百块房租重要得多。

1骗局一：伪造证件和财务资料

最常见的骗局，是用伪造的资料申请租房：信用报告、银行存款证明、工资单、税表，甚至前房东的联系方式；极端情况下连身份证件都是假的。

防范的关键是交叉验证：不要用租客提供的信息源去验证租客。比如租客说之前住在某个地址、房东叫 David，并留了电话——这个电话可能只是他朋友的。正确做法是通过产权公司、县政府公开记录或经纪人系统，查清该地址的实际屋主及其登记的联系方式，再去核实。

工作单位也一样：自己上网查公司官网和联系方式，通过公司总机联系相关部门核实，而不是直接打租客给的“主管电话”。再把工资单、税表、银行流水放在一起对照，伪造的资料通常很难做到每一处都严丝合缝。如今也有 RentSpree 等线上背景审查系统，可以查询诉讼判决、驱逐记录等信息。

2别因为“着急出租”而放松审查

很多房东之所以选了不可靠的租客，是因为房子挂得太贵、迟迟租不出去，好不容易来一组人就急着签约。

以四房三卫为例，邻居没装修租 $5,000，你花了十几二十万装修，想租 $6,000 甚至 $6,500，往往行不通——同类房型的租金差别并不大。按市场价挂牌，才会有足够多的申请人，让你从容挑选优质租客。

宁可多花一点时间，也不要轻易选择一个租客。

3骗局二：支票跳票

美国是信用社会，有人会利用个人支票骗取钥匙：开一张租金加押金的支票给你，拿到钥匙搬进去后，支票却因余额不足或签名不符被退票。

防范方法很简单：一手交 cashier's check（银行本票）或电汇款项，一手交钥匙。银行本票是到银行实际付款后开出的，安全性更高。另外，加州对押金上限有法律规定，收取前请确认最新规定。

4骗局三：拖欠或拒交房租

租客迟交、拖欠甚至拒交房租，很多时候还是源于前期审查不够严格；也有一些是租客情况突然变化，比如失业或家庭变故。

从挑选环节来看，有两类租客相对更稳定：

• 公司租赁：由企业作为承租方，为外派员工租房。这时审查的是公司本身，企业通常设有自动付款，按时付租的稳定性较高。
• 政府补贴租客（Section 8）：租金由政府补贴支付，稳定性也较好。需要注意，在加州，以收入来源（包括政府住房补贴）为由拒绝租客属于违法的歧视行为。

所有租客筛选都应遵守联邦及加州的公平住房（Fair Housing）法规。

5骗局四：虚报或夸大维修

有些租客会把小问题说成大问题，比如厨房垃圾粉碎机卡住了（往往用底部的扳手拧一下就好），却说必须整个更换，并提出自己找人修、从下个月房租里扣——结果本来 $100 能解决的问题，变成 $1,000 的发票。

解决办法是使用 Home Warranty（家电维修保障）。它和房屋保险不同：房屋保险管火灾等重大损失，Home Warranty 管家电、管道等日常维修。可以在租约中约定：需要维修时由 Home Warranty 指派第三方上门，上门费由租客承担，同时适当降低每月租金。老房子尤其适合这样安排；尔湾较新的房子日常维修少，可以视情况决定。注意，漏水等紧急情况仍需房东及时处理。

6骗局五：私自转租或分租

有些租客拿到房子后，未经房东同意整体转租或分租给他人，甚至用于非法用途，以赚取差价。

防范方法是定期检查：在签租约时就讲清楚会定期查看房屋状况。检查时留意是否只有租约上的人居住、是否有其他人的生活痕迹。需要注意，根据加州法律，房东进入出租屋前一般需要提前给予书面通知（通常为 24 小时），并在合理时间进入。委托专业的物业管理团队，通常会把这些工作做得更系统。

常见问题

本文仅供一般信息参考，不构成法律、税务、贷款或投资建议。市场数据与政策以发布时为准，可能已有变化；具体情况请咨询持牌专业人士并自行核实。

Five Common Rental Scams Landlords Face in the US — and How to Prevent Them

Please note: This video was published on October 15, 2024. It is more than a year old. Market data, prices, rates, and policies reflect that date and may have changed. Contact us for the latest information.

US Real Estate 101 · Rental Management

When you buy a home to rent out, the biggest risk is often not the property but the tenant. Choosing the right tenant matters far more than collecting a few hundred dollars more in rent.

1Scam 1: Fake IDs and Financial Documents

The most common scam is a falsified application: credit reports, bank statements, pay stubs, tax returns, and prior landlord references — and in extreme cases, even fake identification.

The key is independent verification. Never use the applicant's own information sources to verify them. If they say they rented from "David" at a certain address and give you a phone number, that number may belong to a friend. Instead, use a title company, county public records, or agent databases to confirm the actual owner and their contact information.

Do the same for employment: look up the company yourself and call its main line. Then cross-check pay stubs, tax returns, and bank statements; forged documents rarely line up perfectly. Online screening tools such as RentSpree can also reveal court judgments and eviction records.

2Do Not Let Urgency Lower Your Standards

Many landlords end up with unreliable tenants because they priced the home too high, it sat vacant, and they rushed to sign with the first applicant.

For example, if a comparable 4-bedroom rents for $5,000, spending $100,000–$200,000 on upgrades usually will not justify $6,000–$6,500 in rent. Pricing at market brings more applicants, so you can choose carefully.

Take a little more time. Do not settle for the wrong tenant.

3Scam 2: Bounced Checks

Some people use personal checks to obtain the keys: they write a check for rent and deposit, move in, and the check bounces due to insufficient funds or a mismatched signature.

The fix is simple: hand over the keys only after receiving a cashier's check or a wire transfer. A cashier's check is funded at the bank when issued, making it more secure. California also limits security deposit amounts, so confirm current rules before collecting.

4Scam 3: Late or Unpaid Rent

Late or unpaid rent often traces back to weak screening, though sometimes a tenant's circumstances change suddenly, such as job loss or a family crisis.

Two types of tenants tend to be especially reliable:

• Corporate leases: a company leases the home for a relocated employee. You evaluate the company, and payments are typically automated.
• Housing voucher tenants (Section 8): rent is backed by a government subsidy. Note that in California, refusing a tenant based on source of income, including housing vouchers, is unlawful discrimination.

All tenant screening should comply with federal and California fair housing laws.

5Scam 4: Inflated Repair Claims

Some tenants exaggerate repairs — for example, saying a jammed garbage disposal (often fixed with the wrench slot underneath) must be replaced, then offering to handle it and deduct the cost from rent. A $100 fix can turn into a $1,000 invoice.

A home warranty helps. Unlike homeowners insurance, which covers major losses like fire, a home warranty covers appliance and plumbing repairs. Your lease can require repairs to go through the warranty company, with the tenant paying the service fee in exchange for slightly lower rent. This works well for older homes; newer Irvine homes may not need it. Emergencies such as leaks still require prompt landlord action.

6Scam 5: Unauthorized Subletting

Some tenants sublet the entire home or individual rooms without permission, sometimes for illegal uses, to profit from the difference.

The safeguard is regular inspections. Make it clear in the lease that you will inspect periodically, and look for signs of occupants not on the lease. Under California law, landlords generally must give advance written notice (typically 24 hours) and enter at reasonable times. A professional property management team can handle this systematically.

FAQ

This article is for general information only and is not legal, tax, lending, or investment advice. Market data and policies reflect the time of publication and may have changed; please consult licensed professionals and verify independently.